Five-day biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD5 , is one of the parameters of water quality. This BOD5 measures the amount of biodegradable organic matter contained in a...

Flocculating polymers can be in several forms. They can be in powder form, i.e. a dry polymer, or they can be in emulsion form, i.e. a...

Nitrification and denitrification in wastewater treatment allows the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen, which is one of the causes of eutrophication of watercourses along with phosphorus. Like...

If we only talk about price, conventional coagulants such as ferric chloride, ferric sulfate and alum (aluminum sulfate) which are standard coagulants (commodities) are going to...

Sludge dewatering can be one of the costliest steps of wastewater treatment. The amount of sludge produced is often a parameter that plant operators and managers...

Coagulants are used in the first step of water treatment; they destabilize the water so micro flocks can begin to form. This is followed up by...